Mugutunganya ibyuma, hazaba ibikoresho bitandukanye byakazi, ibikoresho bitandukanye uburyo bwo gukata no kuvanaho biratandukanye, nigute dushobora kumenya ibiranga ibikoresho bitandukanye?Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya ISO bigabanyijemo amatsinda 6 atandukanye, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye mubijyanye na mashini kandi bizakusanyirizwa hamwe muri iyi ngingo.
Ibikoresho by'ibyuma bigabanijwemo ibyiciro 6:
(1) P-ibyuma
(2) M-ibyuma bidafite ingese
(3) K-icyuma
(4) N- ibyuma bidafite ferrous
(5) S- Ubushyuhe budashyuha
(6) Icyuma gikomeye
Icyuma ni iki?
- Icyuma nitsinda rinini ryibikoresho murwego rwo gukata ibyuma.
- Icyuma gishobora kuba icyuma kidakomeye cyangwa cyoroshye (ubukana bugera kuri 400HB).
- Icyuma ni umusemburo ufite icyuma (Fe) nkibice byingenzi.Byakozwe binyuze muburyo bwo gushonga.
- Ibyuma bidashimishije bifite karubone iri munsi ya 0.8%, gusa Fe kandi ntakindi kintu kivanga.
- Ibirimo karubone yibyuma bitarenze 1.7%, kandi hongeweho ibintu bivanga, nka Ni, Cr, Mo, V, W, nibindi.
- Ibirimo bike bya karubone = ibikoresho bikomeye.
- Ibirimo byinshi bya karubone = ibikoresho byoroshye.
Ibiranga gutunganya:
- Ibikoresho birebire.
- Kugenzura Chip biroroshye byoroshye kandi byoroshye.
- Ibyuma byoroheje birakomeye kandi bisaba gukata gukabije.
- Imbaraga zo gukata ibice kc: 1500 ~ 3100 N / mm².
- Imbaraga zo gukata nimbaraga zisabwa mugutunganya ibikoresho bya ISO P biri murwego ruto.
Icyuma kitagira umwanda ni iki?
- Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nibikoresho bivanze byibuze chromium 11% ~ 12%.
- Ibirimo karubone mubisanzwe ni bike cyane (nkibiri munsi ya 0.01% Max).
- Amavuta ni Ni (nikel), Mo (molybdenum) na Ti (titanium).
- Ikora igipimo cyinshi cya Cr2O3 hejuru yicyuma, bigatuma idashobora kwangirika.
Mu itsinda M, ibyinshi mubisabwa biri muri peteroli na gaze, guhuza imiyoboro, flanges, gutunganya no gukora imiti.
Ibikoresho bikora chip idasanzwe, ifite flake kandi ifite imbaraga zo gukata kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma bitagira umwanda.Imikorere ya chip (kuva byoroshye kugeza bidashoboka kumena chip) biratandukana bitewe nibiranga amavuta hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe.
Ibiranga gutunganya:
- Ibikoresho birebire.
Kugenzura Chip birasa neza muri ferrite kandi biragoye muri austenite na biphase.
- Imbaraga zo guca ibice: 1800 ~ 2850 N / mm².
- Imbaraga zo gukata cyane, kubaka chip, ubushyuhe nakazi gakomeye mugihe cyo gutunganya.
Icyuma ni iki?
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwicyuma: icyuma cyumuhondo (GCI), icyuma cyitwa nodular cast (NCI) hamwe nicyuma cyuma (CGI).
- Ibyuma bikozwe cyane cyane bigizwe na Fe-C, hamwe na silikoni iri hejuru cyane (1% ~ 3%).
- Ibirimo bya karubone birenga 2%, aribwo buryo bukomeye bwa C mu cyiciro cya austenite.
- Cr (chromium), Mo (molybdenum) na V (vanadium) byongeweho gukora karbide, kongera imbaraga no gukomera ariko bigabanya imashini.
Itsinda K rikoreshwa cyane mubice byimodoka, gukora imashini no gukora ibyuma.
Gukora chip yibikoresho biratandukanye, uhereye kumashanyarazi hafi yifu.Imbaraga zisabwa gutunganya iri tsinda ryibikoresho mubisanzwe ni nto.
Menya ko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati yicyuma cyumukara (ubusanzwe gifite chip zigereranijwe nifu) hamwe nicyuma cyangiza, icyuma kimeneka kikaba kinini gisa nicyuma.
Ibiranga gutunganya:
- Ibikoresho bigufi.
- Igenzura ryiza rya chip mubihe byose bikora.
- Imbaraga zo guca ibice: 790 ~ 1350 N / mm².
- Kwambara nabi bibaho iyo gutunganya umuvuduko mwinshi.
- Imbaraga zo guca hagati.
Nibihe bikoresho bidafite ferrous?
- Iki cyiciro kirimo ibyuma bidafite ferrous, ibyuma byoroshye bifite ubukana buri munsi ya 130HB.
Ibyuma bidafite imbaraga (Al) bivanze na silicon hafi 22% (Si) bigize igice kinini.
- Umuringa, umuringa, umuringa.
Abakora indege nabakora ibiziga byimodoka ya aluminium yiganjemo Itsinda N.
Nubwo imbaraga zisabwa kuri mm³ (cubic inch) ziri hasi, biracyakenewe kubara ingufu ntarengwa zisabwa kugirango ubone igipimo kinini cyo gukuraho ibyuma.
Ibiranga gutunganya:
- Ibikoresho birebire.
- Niba ari ibinure, kugenzura chip biroroshye.
- Ibyuma bidafite ferrous (Al) birakomeye kandi bisaba gukoresha impande zikarishye.
- Imbaraga zo guca ibice: 350 ~ 700 N / mm².
- Imbaraga zo gukata nimbaraga zisabwa mugutunganya ibikoresho bya ISO N biri murwego ruto.
Umuti urwanya ubushyuhe ni iki?
Amavuta adashobora gushyuha (HRSA) arimo ibyuma byinshi bivanze cyane, nikel, cobalt cyangwa titanium.
- Itsinda: Icyuma, nikel, cobalt.
- Imiterere yakazi: annealing, igisubizo cyubushyuhe, kuvura gusaza, kuzunguruka, guhimba, guta.
Ibiranga:
Ibirungo byinshi (cobalt iruta nikel) itanga ubushyuhe bwiza bwo guhangana nubushyuhe, imbaraga zikaze hamwe no kurwanya ruswa.
S-matsinda y'ibikoresho, bigoye kuyatunganya, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kirere, mu kirere cya gaz no mu nganda zitanga amashanyarazi.
Urwego ni rugari, ariko imbaraga zo gukata zirahari.
Ibiranga gutunganya:
- Ibikoresho birebire.
- Kugenzura Chip biragoye (chip jagged).
- Inguni itari nziza irakenewe kubutaka kandi imbere nziza irakenewe kuri karbide ya sima.
- Imbaraga zo guca ibice:
Ku mavuta arwanya ubushyuhe: 2400 ~ 3100 N / mm².
Kuri titanium ivanze: 1300 ~ 1400 N / mm².
- Imbaraga zo gukata nimbaraga zikenewe.
Icyuma gikomeye ni iki?
- Uhereye kubitunganya, ibyuma bikomye nimwe mumatsinda mato mato.
- Iri tsinda ririmo ibyuma byoroheje bifite ubukana> 45 kugeza 65HRC.
- Muri rusange, urwego rukomeye rwibice bigoye bihindurwamo ni hagati ya 55 na 68HRC.
Ibyuma bikomye mu itsinda H bikoreshwa mu nganda zinyuranye, nk'inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo, ndetse no mu kubaka imashini no gukora imashini.
Mubisanzwe bikomeza, imituku-ishyushye.Ubu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bufasha kugabanya agaciro kc1, ningirakamaro mu gufasha gukemura ibibazo byo gusaba.
Ibiranga gutunganya:
- Ibikoresho birebire.
- Ugereranije neza kugenzura chip.
- Saba Imbere Imbere.
- Imbaraga zo guca ibice: 2550 ~ 4870 N / mm².
- Imbaraga zo gukata nimbaraga zikenewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-24-2023