Kuberako ntamahame mpuzamahanga asobanura amanota ya karbide cyangwa porogaramu, abayikoresha bagomba kwishingikiriza kubitekerezo byabo n'ubumenyi bwibanze kugirango batsinde.# base
Mugihe ijambo ryitwa "carbide grade" ryerekeza cyane cyane kuri tungsten karbide (WC) yacuzwe na cobalt, iryo jambo rimwe rifite ubusobanuro bwagutse mugukora: karbide ya tungsten ya sima ifatanije nubundi buvuzi.Kurugero, ibintu bibiri bihinduranya bikozwe mubintu bimwe bya karbide ariko hamwe na coatings zitandukanye cyangwa nyuma yubuvuzi bifatwa nkamanota atandukanye.Ariko, ntamahame ngenderwaho mubyiciro bya karbide hamwe no gutwikira, bityo abatanga ibikoresho bitandukanye bakoresha amazina atandukanye hamwe nuburyo bwo gutondekanya mumeza yabo.Ibi birashobora kugora umukoresha wa nyuma kugereranya amanota, nikibazo kitoroshye cyane bitewe nuko ibyiciro bya karbide kubisabwa byatanzwe bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubishobora kugabanuka no mubuzima bwibikoresho.
Kugirango uyobore iyi maze, abakoresha bagomba kubanza kumva icyo karbide ikozwe nuburyo buri kintu kigira ingaruka muburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya.
Inyuma ni ibikoresho byambaye byo gukata gushiramo cyangwa igikoresho gikomeye munsi ya coating na nyuma yo kuvurwa.Ubusanzwe igizwe na 80-95% WC.Gutanga ibikoresho shingiro ibintu byifuzwa, abakora ibikoresho bongeramo ibintu bitandukanye bivanga.Ikintu nyamukuru kivanga ni cobalt (Co).Urwego rwo hejuru rwa cobalt rutanga ubukana bwinshi kandi urwego rwo hasi rwa cobalt rwongera ubukana.Substrates ikomeye cyane irashobora kugera kuri 1800 HV kandi igatanga imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara, ariko ziravunika cyane kandi zibereye gusa mubihe bihamye.Substrate ikomeye cyane ifite ubukana bwa HV 1300.Izi substrate zirashobora gukorerwa gusa kumuvuduko muke wo kugabanya, zambara vuba, ariko zirarwanya cyane guhagarikwa guhagarikwa nibihe bibi.
Impirimbanyi iboneye hagati yubukomere nugukomera nicyo kintu cyingenzi muguhitamo umusemburo wa progaramu runaka.Guhitamo urwego rukomeye birashobora kuvamo microcracks kuruhande cyangwa gutsindwa gukabije.Mugihe kimwe, amanota akomeye cyane arashira vuba cyangwa bisaba kugabanya umuvuduko wo kugabanya, bigabanya umusaruro.Imbonerahamwe 1 itanga amabwiriza shingiro yo guhitamo durometero iboneye:
Ibyinshi bya karbide bigezweho hamwe nibikoresho bya karbide bisizwe na firime yoroheje (microne 3 kugeza kuri 20 cyangwa 0.0001 kugeza 0.0007).Ubusanzwe igifuniko kigizwe na karubone ya nitride ya titanium, oxyde ya aluminium na nitride ya titanium.Iyi coating yongera ubukana kandi ikora inzitizi yubushyuhe hagati yo gukata na substrate.
Nubwo imaze kumenyekana gusa nko mu myaka icumi ishize, kongeraho ubundi buryo bwo kuvura nyuma yo gutwikira byahindutse urwego rwinganda.Ubu buryo bwo kuvura ni ubusanzwe cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gusya bworoshya urwego rwo hejuru kandi bikagabanya ubukana, bigabanya kubyara ubushyuhe.Itandukaniro ryibiciro mubisanzwe ni rito cyane kandi mubihe byinshi birasabwa guhitamo ubwoko bwavuwe.
Guhitamo icyiciro cyiza cya karbide kubisabwa runaka, reba urutonde rwabatanga cyangwa urubuga kugirango ubone amabwiriza.Mugihe nta tegeko mpuzamahanga ryemewe, abadandaza benshi bakoresha imbonerahamwe kugirango basobanure urutonde rwimikorere rusabwa kumanota ashingiye kumurongo "wo gukoresha" wagaragajwe nkimiterere yinyuguti eshatu, nka P05-P20.
Ibaruwa ya mbere yerekana itsinda ryibikoresho bya ISO.Buri tsinda ryibikoresho ryahawe ibaruwa hamwe nibara rihuye.
Imibare ibiri ikurikiraho igereranya ubukana bwamanota kuva 05 kugeza 45 mukwiyongera kwa 5. 05 gusaba bisaba amanota akomeye cyane kubintu byiza kandi bihamye.45 Porogaramu isaba ibinyomoro bikomeye cyane mubihe bibi kandi bitajegajega.
Na none kandi, nta gipimo ngenderwaho kuri izi ndangagaciro, bityo rero bigomba gusobanurwa nkagaciro kagereranijwe mumeza yihariye yo gutondekanya.Kurugero, amanota yaranze P10-P20 muri kataloge ebyiri kubatanga ibintu bitandukanye barashobora kugira ubukana butandukanye.
Urwego rwanditseho P10-P20 mumeza yo guhindura ibyiciro rushobora kugira ubukana butandukanye n amanota yanditseho P10-P20 mumeza yo gusya, ndetse no murutonde rumwe.Iri tandukanyirizo ryerekana ko ibintu byiza bitandukana kubisabwa.Guhindura ibikorwa nibyiza gukorwa hamwe n amanota akomeye cyane, ariko mugihe cyo gusya, ibihe byiza bisaba imbaraga runaka bitewe nigihe kimwe.
Imbonerahamwe 3 itanga hypothettike yimbonerahamwe yimikoreshereze hamwe nikoreshwa ryayo muguhindura ibikorwa byuburyo butandukanye, bishobora gutondekwa murutonde rwabatanga ibikoresho.Muriyi ngero, icyiciro A kirasabwa kubintu byose byahindutse, ariko ntabwo ari ugukabya gukabije, mugihe icyiciro D gisabwa guhinduka cyane hamwe nibindi bihe bibi cyane.Ibikoresho nka MachiningDoctor.com's Grade Finder irashobora gushakisha amanota ukoresheje iyi nyandiko.
Nkuko nta bipimo byemewe byerekana urugero rwa kashe, ntamahame yemewe yamazina yikirango.Nyamara, ibyinshi mubyingenzi bitanga insimburangingo bikurikiza amabwiriza rusange kubiciro byabo.Amazina ya "Classic" ari muburyo butandatu bw'inyuguti BBSSNN, aho:
Ibisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru nibyo mubyukuri.Ariko kubera ko ibi atari ISO / ANSI bisanzwe, abadandaza bamwe bagize ibyo bahindura kuri sisitemu, kandi byaba byiza tumenye izi mpinduka.
Kurenza izindi porogaramu zose, ibinyobwa bigira uruhare runini muguhindura ibikorwa.Kubera iyi, umwirondoro wahinduwe uzaba ufite amahitamo manini mugihe ugenzura kataloge yabatanga.
Ingano nini yo guhindura amanota nigisubizo cyurwego runini rwo guhindura ibikorwa.Ibintu byose biri muriki cyiciro, uhereye kubikomeza bikomeza (aho gukata guhora bihora bihuza numurimo wakazi kandi ntibigire ubwoba, ariko bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi) kugeza guhagarikwa (bitera ihungabana rikomeye).
Ingano nini yo guhindura amanota nayo ikubiyemo umubare munini wa diametre mu musaruro, kuva 1/8 ″ (3 mm) kumashini yo mu bwoko bwu Busuwisi kugeza 100 ″ kugirango ikoreshwe cyane mu nganda.Kuberako kugabanya umuvuduko nabyo biterwa na diametre, harasabwa amanota atandukanye atezimbere umuvuduko muke cyangwa mwinshi.
Abatanga ibintu byinshi batanga urutonde rwamanota kuri buri tsinda ryibikoresho.Muri buri ruhererekane, amanota aringaniye kuva ibikoresho bikomeye bikwiranye no guhagarika imashini kugeza kubikwiye guhoraho.
Iyo gusya, urutonde rwamanota yatanzwe ni ruto.Bitewe ahanini nigihe kinini cyimiterere ya progaramu, abakata bakeneye amanota akomeye hamwe no gukomera.Kubwimpamvu imwe, igipfundikizo kigomba kuba cyoroshye, bitabaye ibyo ntibishobora kwihanganira ingaruka.
Abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi bazasya amatsinda yibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe ninyuma zitandukanye.
Iyo gutandukana cyangwa guswera, guhitamo amanota bigarukira kubera kugabanya umuvuduko.Nukuvuga, diameter iba nto uko gukata kwegera ikigo.Rero, umuvuduko wo gukata uragabanuka buhoro buhoro.Iyo ukata werekeza kuri centre, umuvuduko amaherezo ugera kuri zeru nyuma yo gukata, kandi ibikorwa bihinduka icyogosho aho gukata.
Kubwibyo, amanota yakoreshejwe mugutandukana agomba guhuzwa nurwego runini rwo guca umuvuduko, kandi substrate igomba kuba ikomeye bihagije kugirango ihangane nogosha kurangiza ibikorwa.
Shallow grooves ntisanzwe kubundi bwoko.Kuberako ibintu bisa no guhinduka, abacuruzi bafite ihitamo rinini ryo gushiramo ibintu akenshi batanga amanota menshi kumanota kubintu bimwe na bimwe.
Iyo gucukura, umuvuduko wo guca hagati hagati yimyitozo uhora ari zeru, kandi umuvuduko wo guca kuri peripheri biterwa na diametre yimyitozo n'umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka.Impamyabumenyi yatunganijwe kumuvuduko mwinshi ntabwo ikwiye kandi ntigomba gukoreshwa.Abacuruzi benshi batanga amoko make.
Ifu, ibice, nibicuruzwa nuburyo butandukanye ibigo bitera inganda ziyongera.Carbide nibikoresho nibice bitandukanye byo gutsinda.
Iterambere ryibikoresho ryatumye bishoboka gukora uruganda rwa ceramic rukora neza rukora neza kumuvuduko wo kugabanya kandi rugahiganwa ninganda zanyuma za karbide muburyo butandukanye bwo gusaba.Amaduka yawe arashobora gutangira gukoresha ibikoresho byubutaka.
Amaduka menshi akora amakosa yo gutekereza ko ibikoresho bigezweho ari plug-na-gukina.Ibi bikoresho birashobora guhura nabafite ibikoresho bihari cyangwa no gusya kimwe cyangwa guhinduranya imifuka nkuko karbide yinjizamo, ariko niho ibisa birangirira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-22-2023