Guhindukira ukoresha umusarani kugirango ukureho ibikoresho hanze yumurimo uzunguruka, mugihe kurambirana bivana ibintu imbere imbere yakazi.# base
Guhindura ni inzira yo kuvana ibikoresho mumurambararo wo hanze yumuzingi wakazi ukoresheje umusarani.Gukata ingingo imwe ikata ibyuma mubikorwa (muburyo bwiza) bigufi, bikarishye byoroshye kuvanaho.
Umuyoboro wa CNC ufite igenzura rihoraho ryemerera uwukoresha guhitamo umuvuduko wo guca, hanyuma imashini ihita ihindura RPM mugihe igikoresho cyo gukata kinyura diametero zitandukanye kuruhande rwinyuma rwakazi.Ubwiherero bugezweho nabwo buraboneka muri taret imwe hamwe nuburyo bubiri bwa tarret ibishushanyo: imitambiko imwe ifite umurongo utambitse kandi uhagaritse, kandi imitambiko ibiri ifite amahuriro ya horizontal na vertical axe kuri tarret.
Ibikoresho byo guhindura hakiri kare byari ibice bikomeye byurukiramende bikozwe mubyuma byihuta hamwe na rake hamwe nu mfuruka.Iyo igikoresho gihindutse umwijima, umufunga arakara kuri gride kugirango akoreshwe inshuro nyinshi.Ibikoresho bya HSS biracyakunze kugaragara kumisarani ishaje, ariko ibikoresho bya karbide bimaze kumenyekana cyane cyane muburyo bumwe.Carbide ifite imyambarire myiza yo kwihanganira no gukomera, byongera umusaruro nubuzima bwibikoresho, ariko bihenze kandi bisaba uburambe bwo kwisubiraho.
Guhindukira ni ihuriro ryumurongo (igikoresho) no kuzunguruka (akazi).Kubwibyo, kugabanya umuvuduko bisobanurwa nkintera yo kuzunguruka (byanditswe nka sfm - ikirenge cyo hejuru kumunota - cyangwa smm - metero kare kumunota - kugenda kwingingo kumwanya hejuru yikigice mumunota umwe).Kugaburira (kugaragarira muri santimetero cyangwa milimetero kuri revolisiyo) ni intera y'umurongo igikoresho kigenda cyangwa hejuru yubuso bwakazi.Kugaburira nabyo rimwe na rimwe bigaragazwa nkintera yumurongo (muri / min cyangwa mm / min) igikoresho kigenda mumunota umwe.
Ibiciro byigaburo bisabwa biratandukanye bitewe nintego yibikorwa.Kurugero, mugukomera, ibiryo byinshi akenshi nibyiza mugukwirakwiza igipimo cyo gukuraho ibyuma, ariko igice kinini cyo gukomera nimbaraga za mashini birasabwa.Muri icyo gihe, kurangiza guhinduka birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo kugaburira kugirango ugere ku buso bugaragara bwerekanwe mu gice.
Imikorere yigikoresho cyo gutema biterwa ahanini nu mfuruka yigikoresho ugereranije nakazi.Amagambo yasobanuwe muri iki gice akoreshwa mugukata no gukuramo ibyongeweho kandi bigakoreshwa no kumurongo wibikoresho bimwe.
Inguni yo hejuru (nanone izwi nka back rake angle) ni inguni ikozwe hagati yinjizamo inguni n'umurongo utondekanye ku kazi iyo urebye kuruhande, imbere n'inyuma y'igikoresho.Inguni ya rake yo hejuru ni nziza iyo impande ya rake yo hejuru iramanutse kuva aho ikata ikajya muri shanki;kutabogama iyo umurongo uri hejuru yinjizamo ubangikanye hejuru ya shanki;kandi ntaho ibogamiye iyo ihengamye kuva aho ikata.ni hejuru kurenza igikoresho gifata, inguni yo hejuru ya rake ni mbi..Icyuma n'imigozi nabyo bigabanyijemo impande nziza kandi mbi.Ibyiza byinjizwamo bifite impande zombi kandi bifatanye neza bifite impande zombi zifatika.Kwinjiza nabi ni kare ugereranije no hejuru yicyuma kandi ifata neza hamwe hejuru hamwe no kuruhande.Inguni yo hejuru ya rake irihariye kuko biterwa na geometrie yinjizwamo: ubutaka bwiza cyangwa chipbreakers yashizweho irashobora guhindura inguni yo hejuru ya rake kuva muburyo bubi.Inguni yo hejuru ya rake nayo ikunda kuba nini kubikoresho byoroheje, byoroshye cyane byakazi bisaba impande nini nziza zogosha, mugihe ibikomeye, ibikoresho bikaze byaciwe neza na geometrie idafite aho ibogamiye.
Inguni ya rake impande zombi zakozwe hagati yisura yumusozo wumurongo n'umurongo utambitse kumurimo, nkuko bigaragara mumaso yanyuma.Izi mfuruka ni nziza iyo zegeranye kure yo gukata, zidafite aho zibogamiye iyo ziba zerekeranye no gukata, kandi mbi iyo zerekejwe hejuru.Ubunini bushoboka bwigikoresho buterwa kuruhande rwa rake kuruhande, inguni ntoya yemerera gukoresha ibikoresho binini byongera imbaraga ariko bisaba imbaraga zo guca hejuru.Inguni nini zitanga ibyuma byoroheje kandi bigabanya imbaraga zo gukata, ariko hejuru yinguni isabwa cyane, guca intege bigabanuka no guhererekanya ubushyuhe bikagabanuka.
Impera yo gukata iherezo ikorwa hagati yo gukata inkoni kumpera yigikoresho n'umurongo utambitse inyuma yinyuma.Iyi mfuruka isobanura ikinyuranyo hagati yigikoresho cyo gukata nubuso bwuzuye bwakazi.
Ubutabazi bwanyuma buherereye munsi yumusozo wanyuma kandi bukozwe hagati yisura yanyuma yinjizamo numurongo utambitse kumpande ya shanki.Impanuro ihanitse igufasha gukora inguni yubutabazi (ikozwe numusozo wa shank hamwe numurongo perpendicular kumuzi wa shank) nini kuruta impande zubutabazi.
Inguni yo kuruhande isobanura inguni munsi yo gukata impande.Ikozwe kumpande zicyuma n'umurongo perpendikulari munsi yigitereko.Kimwe na shobuja wanyuma, hejuru yemerera ubutabazi bwuruhande (bwakozwe kuruhande rwumukingo hamwe numurongo perpendicular kumurongo wintoki) kuba nini kuruta ubutabazi.
Imfuruka y'icyerekezo (izwi kandi nk'uruhande rwo gukata impande zombi cyangwa inguni) ikora hagati yuruhande rwo gukata impande zinjiza no kuruhande rwa nyirayo.Iyi mfuruka iyobora igikoresho mubikorwa, kandi uko yiyongera, chip yagutse, yoroheje.Uburinganire bwa geometrike nibintu bifatika byakazi ni ibintu byingenzi muguhitamo icyerekezo cyo kuyobora igikoresho.Kurugero, ibikoresho bifite inguni ya helix irashobora gutanga imikorere igaragara mugihe ukata ibice byacumuye, bidahagarikwa, cyangwa bikomye bitagize ingaruka zikomeye kuruhande rwibikoresho byo gutema.Abakoresha bagomba kuringaniza inyungu hamwe no kongera igice cyo gutandukana no kunyeganyega, nkuko impande nini zo kuzamura zikora imbaraga nini za radiyo.Ibikoresho bya zeru byahinduye bitanga ubugari bwa chip bingana nuburebure bwo gukata muguhindura ibikorwa, mugihe gukata ibikoresho bifite inguni yo gusezerana bituma ubujyakuzimu bukora neza hamwe nubugari bwa chip bihuye kugirango burenze ubujyakuzimu nyabwo bwo gukata kumurimo.Ibikorwa byinshi byo guhindura birashobora gukorwa neza hamwe nu mpande zegeranye zingana na dogere 10 kugeza 30 (sisitemu ya metric ihindura inguni kuva kuri dogere 90 kugera kurundi ruhande, bigatuma icyerekezo cyiza cya dogere 80 kugeza 60).
Byombi inama n'impande bigomba kugira ubutabazi buhagije nubutabazi kugirango igikoresho cyinjire gukata.Niba nta cyuho, nta chipi izashirwaho, ariko niba nta cyuho gihagije, igikoresho kizasiba kandi gitange ubushyuhe.Ibikoresho bimwe byo guhindura ingingo bisaba kandi isura yo kuruhande no kuruhande kugirango winjire.
Iyo uhindukiye, igihangano gikorerwa imbaraga zifatika, radiyo na axial.Ingaruka nini ku gukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa nimbaraga zifatika;imbaraga za axial (kugaburira) kanda igice mubyerekezo birebire;na radial (ubujyakuzimu bwo gukata) imbaraga zikunda gusunika akazi hamwe nabafite ibikoresho bitandukanye.“Gukata imbaraga” ni igiteranyo cyizo mbaraga eshatu.Kuri zeru ya zeru yo hejuru, bari mubipimo bya 4: 2: 1 (tangential: axial: radial).Mugihe inguni iyobora yiyongera, imbaraga za axial ziragabanuka kandi imbaraga zo gukata imirasire ziriyongera.
Ubwoko bwa shank, imfuruka ya radiyo, hamwe no gushiramo imiterere nabyo bigira ingaruka nini kubishobora kuba byiza cyane byo gukata uburebure buringaniye.Bimwe mubihuza kwinjiza radiyo hamwe nuwabifite birashobora gusaba indishyi zingana kugirango ukoreshe neza impande zose.
Ubwiza bwubuso muguhindura ibikorwa biterwa nuburemere bwigikoresho, imashini nakazi.Iyo gukomera bimaze gushingwa, isano iri hagati yo kugaburira imashini (muri / rev cyangwa mm / rev) no gushiramo cyangwa igikoresho cyizuru cyizuru kirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye ubwiza bwibikorwa byakazi.Umwirondoro wizuru ugaragazwa mubijyanye na radiyo: kurwego runaka, radiyo nini isobanura kurangiza neza, ariko radiyo nini cyane irashobora gutera kunyeganyega.Kubikorwa byo gutunganya bisaba munsi ya radiyo nziza, igipimo cyibiryo gishobora gukenerwa kugirango ugere kubisubizo byifuzwa.
Iyo ingufu zisabwa zimaze kugerwaho, umusaruro wiyongera hamwe nubujyakuzimu, kugaburira no kwihuta.
Ubujyakuzimu bwo gukata nuburyo bworoshye kwiyongera, ariko gutera imbere birashoboka gusa nibikoresho n'imbaraga zihagije.Kwikuba kabiri ubujyakuzimu bwongera umusaruro utiyongereyeho ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya, imbaraga zingana, cyangwa imbaraga zo guca kuri santimetero kibe cyangwa santimetero (bizwi kandi nkimbaraga zogukata).Ibi byikubye kabiri imbaraga zisabwa, ariko ubuzima bwibikoresho ntibugabanuka niba igikoresho cyujuje ibisabwa kugirango imbaraga zigabanuke.
Guhindura igipimo cyibiryo nabyo biroroshye.Kwikuba kabiri igipimo cyibiryo byikuba kabiri chip kandi byiyongera (ariko ntibikuba kabiri) imbaraga zo guca ibintu, kugabanya ubushyuhe, nimbaraga zisabwa.Ihinduka rigabanya ubuzima bwibikoresho, ariko ntabwo ari kimwe cya kabiri.Imbaraga zihariye zo gukata (imbaraga zo gukata zijyanye numubare wibikoresho byakuweho) nazo zigabanuka hamwe no kongera igipimo cyibiryo.Mugihe igipimo cyibiryo cyiyongereye, imbaraga zinyongera zikora kumurongo zirashobora gutuma ibimera biboneka hejuru yumurongo wa rake hejuru yinjizwamo bitewe nubushyuhe bwiyongereye hamwe nubuvanganzo buterwa mugihe cyo gutema.Abakoresha bagomba gukurikirana neza iyi variable kugirango birinde gutsindwa gukabije aho chip ikomera kuruta icyuma.
Ntabwo ari byiza kongera umuvuduko wo kugabanya ugereranije no guhindura ubujyakuzimu bwo kugabanya no kugaburira.Ubwiyongere bwumuvuduko bwatumye kwiyongera gukabije kwubushyuhe no kugabanuka kwogosha nimbaraga zihariye zo guca.Kwikuba kabiri umuvuduko bisaba imbaraga zinyongera kandi bigabanya ibikoresho byubuzima kurenza kimwe cya kabiri.Umutwaro nyirizina kuri rake yo hejuru urashobora kugabanuka, ariko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kugabanya buracyatera umwobo.
Ongeramo kwambara nikimenyetso gisanzwe cyerekana intsinzi cyangwa kunanirwa kubikorwa byose bihinduka.Ibindi bipimo bisanzwe birimo chip zitemewe nibibazo byakazi cyangwa imashini.Nkibisanzwe, uyikoresha agomba kwerekana ibyinjijwe kuri 0.030 muri. (0,77 mm) kwambara kumpande.Kurangiza ibikorwa, uyikoresha agomba kwerekana intera ya 0.015 muri. (0.38 mm) cyangwa munsi yayo.
Mu buryo bwa tekinike, hashyizweho indangagaciro zifatika zubahiriza ibipimo icyenda bya ISO na ANSI.
Inyuguti ya mbere muri sisitemu yerekana uburyo bwo guhuza canvas.Ubwoko bune busanzwe bwiganje, ariko buri bwoko burimo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye.
Andika C winjizamo ukoreshe clamp yo hejuru kugirango winjizemo udafite umwobo wo hagati.Sisitemu ishingiye rwose ku guterana amagambo kandi irakwiriye gukoreshwa hamwe ninjiza nziza mugihe giciriritse kandi cyoroheje cyo guhindura no kurambirana.
Shyiramo M ufashe padi ikingira ya cavit yinjizamo hamwe na kamera ifunga kanda kwinjiza imbere kurukuta rwurwobo.Clamp yo hejuru ifata inyuma yinjiza kandi ikayirinda guterura mugihe umutwaro wo gukata ushyizwe kumutwe winjiza.M gushiramo birakwiriye cyane cyane hagati yumwobo wo hagati winjiza muburyo buciriritse buremereye.
S-Ubwoko bwinjizamo ukoresha Torx isanzwe cyangwa Allen screw ariko bisaba guhuza ibitekerezo cyangwa guhuza ibitekerezo.Imiyoboro irashobora gufata ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, iyi sisitemu rero ikwiranye neza nu mucyo ugenda uhinduka kandi urambiranye.
P gushiramo byujuje ubuziranenge bwa ISO bwo guhindura ibyuma.Kwinjiza bikanda kurukuta rwumufuka ukoresheje leveri izunguruka, ihengamira mugihe umugozi wo guhinduranya washyizweho.Iyinjizamo ikwiranye nibyiza byo kwinjiza rake hamwe nu mwobo murwego rwohasi kugeza ruremereye, ariko ntibibangamira kuzamura mugihe cyo gukata.
Igice cya kabiri gikoresha inyuguti zerekana imiterere yicyuma.Igice cya gatatu gikoresha inyuguti zerekana guhuza ibice bigororotse cyangwa offset na helix.
Inyuguti ya kane yerekana impande yimbere yikiganza cyangwa inguni yinyuma yicyuma.Ku nguni ya rake, P ni inguni nziza ya rake mugihe igiteranyo cyimpande zanyuma zifatika hamwe nu mpande ya wedge iri munsi ya dogere 90;N ni inguni itari nziza iyo igiteranyo cyizi nguni kirenze dogere 90;O ni impande zidafite aho zibogamiye, igiteranyo cyacyo ni dogere 90.Inguni nyayo igaragara yerekanwa nimwe mu nyuguti nyinshi.
Icya gatanu ni ibaruwa isobanura ikiganza hamwe nigikoresho.R yerekana ko ari igikoresho cyiburyo gikata iburyo cyangwa ibumoso, mugihe L ihuye nigikoresho cyibumoso kigabanya ibumoso ugana iburyo.N ibikoresho bitabogamye kandi birashobora guca mu cyerekezo icyo aricyo cyose.
Igice cya 6 nicya 7 bisobanura itandukaniro riri hagati yubwami bwa metero na metero yo gupima.Muri sisitemu yubwami, ibi bice bihuye nimibare ibiri yerekana igice cyumutwe.Kuri shitingi ya kare, umubare ni igiteranyo cya kimwe cya cumi na gatandatu cy'ubugari n'uburebure (5/8 santimetero ni inzibacyuho kuva kuri "0x" ujya kuri "xx"), naho kuri shitingi y'urukiramende, umubare wa mbere ukoreshwa mu kwerekana umunani muri ubugari.gihembwe, imibare ya kabiri yerekana kimwe cya kane cyuburebure.Hano haribintu bidasanzwe kuriyi sisitemu, nka 1¼ ”x 1½” ikiganza, ikoresha izina 91. Sisitemu ya metero ikoresha imibare ibiri kuburebure n'ubugari..
Igice cya VIII na IX nacyo gitandukanya ibice byubwami na metero.Muri sisitemu yubwami, igice cya 8 kivuga ku gushyiramo ibipimo, naho igice cya 9 kivuga ku isura nuburebure bwibikoresho.Ingano yicyuma igenwa nubunini bwuruziga rwanditse, mukwiyongera kwa kimwe cya munani cya santimetero.Uburebure bwiherezo nigikoresho cyerekanwa ninyuguti: AG kubikoresho byemewe byimbere ninyuma yanyuma, na MU (udafite O cyangwa Q) kubikoresho byemewe imbere ninyuma.Muri sisitemu ya metero, igice cya 8 bivuga uburebure bwigikoresho, naho igice cya 9 kivuga ubunini bwicyuma.Uburebure bwibikoresho bwerekanwa ninyuguti, mugihe kuri urukiramende na parallelogramu winjizamo ingano, imibare ikoreshwa kugirango yerekane uburebure bwurwego rurerure rwo guca muri milimetero, wirengagije decimals numubare umwe wabanjirijwe na zeru.Ubundi buryo bukoresha uburebure bwuruhande muri milimetero (diameter yumuzingi uzengurutse) kandi ukirengagiza decimals na prefix imibare imwe hamwe na zeru.
Sisitemu ya metric ikoresha igice cya cumi nicyanyuma, gikubiyemo imyanya yinyuguti zujuje ibyangombwa zihanganira ± 0.08mm zinyuma ninyuma (Q), imbere ninyuma (F), ninyuma, imbere ninyuma (B).
Ibikoresho bimwe biboneka muburyo butandukanye, ingano nibikoresho.Gukata ingingo imwe ikomeye irashobora gukorwa mubyuma byihuta, ibyuma bya karubone, cobalt alloy cyangwa karbide.Nyamara, uko inganda zahindutse zikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhinduranya ibikoresho, igiciro cyibikoresho byatumaga ntaho bihuriye.
Ibikoresho byashizwe hejuru bifashisha umubiri wibikoresho bihenze hamwe ninama cyangwa ubusa bwibikoresho bihenze cyane byo gutema byacishijwe bugufi.Ibikoresho byinama birimo ibyuma byihuta, karbide na nitride ya cubic boron.Ibi bikoresho biraboneka mubunini A kugeza kuri G, kandi A, B, E, F, na G offset yuburyo bushobora gukoreshwa nkiburyo bwiburyo cyangwa ibikoresho byo gukata amaboko.Kuri kwaduka kare, umubare ukurikira inyuguti yerekana uburebure cyangwa ubugari bwicyuma muri cumi na gatandatu ya santimetero.Kuri kwaduka kwaduka kwaduka, umubare wambere nigiteranyo cyubugari bwa shanki muri kimwe cya munani cya santimetero, naho umubare wa kabiri ni igiteranyo cyuburebure bwa shanki muri kimwe cya kane cya santimetero.
Impanuro ya radiyo yibikoresho byerekanwe biterwa nubunini bwa shank kandi uyikoresha agomba kwemeza ko ingano yigikoresho ikwiranye no kurangiza ibisabwa.
Kurambirwa bikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurangiza umwobo munini wubusa muri casting cyangwa gukubita umwobo mubabarira.Ibikoresho byinshi bisa nibikoresho gakondo byo guhindura ibintu, ariko inguni yo gukata ni ngombwa cyane kubera ibibazo byo kwimura chip.
Gukomera nabyo ni ingenzi kumikorere irambiranye.Diameter ya bore hamwe no gukenera byongeweho byongera ingaruka zingana nubunini buringaniye.Impinduka nyayo yibyuma birambirana inshuro enye diameter ya shank.Kurenga iyi mipaka birashobora kugira ingaruka ku gukuramo icyuma bitewe no gutakaza ubukana hamwe n'amahirwe menshi yo kunyeganyega.
Diameter, modulus ya elastique yibikoresho, uburebure, nuburemere kumurambararo bigira ingaruka zikomeye no gutandukana, hamwe na diameter bifite uruhare runini, bigakurikirwa nuburebure.Kongera diameter yinkoni cyangwa kugabanya uburebure bizongera cyane gukomera.
Modulus ya elastique iterwa nibikoresho byakoreshejwe kandi ntibihinduka bitewe no kuvura ubushyuhe.Ibyuma ntibishobora guhagarara neza kuri 30.000.000 psi, ibyuma biremereye bihagaze kuri 45.000.000 psi, na karbide bihagaze kuri 90.000.000 psi.
Nyamara, iyi mibare ni ndende mubijyanye no gutekana, kandi ibyuma bya shank birambiranye bitanga imikorere ishimishije kubisabwa byinshi kugeza kuri 4: 1 L / D.Kurambira utubari hamwe na tungsten karbide shank ikora neza ku kigereranyo cya 6: 1 L / D.
Imbaraga zo gukata imirasire hamwe na axial mugihe cyo kurambirwa biterwa ninguni.Kongera imbaraga zo gusunika kumurongo muto uteruye bifasha cyane mukugabanya kunyeganyega.Mugihe ingero ziyobora ziyongera, imbaraga za radiyo ziriyongera, kandi imbaraga perpendicular yerekeza kumyerekezo yo gukata nayo iriyongera, bikaviramo kunyeganyega.
Icyifuzo cyo kuzamura inguni yo kugenzura umwobo ni 0 ° kugeza 15 ° (Imperial. Inguni yo kuzamura metero ni 90 ° kugeza 75 °).Iyo inguni iyoboye ni dogere 15, imbaraga zo gukata radiyo zikubye kabiri inshuro ebyiri iyo inguni iyoboye ari dogere 0.
Kubikorwa byinshi birambiranye, ibikoresho byo gukata bifatanye neza birahitamo kuko bigabanya imbaraga zo guca.Nyamara, ibikoresho byiza bifite inguni ntoya, bityo uyikoresha agomba kumenya neza uburyo bwo guhura hagati yigikoresho nakazi.Kugenzura neza bihagije ni ngombwa cyane iyo urambiwe umwobo muto wa diameter.
Imbaraga za radiyo na tangensique zirambiranye ziyongera uko radiyo yizuru yiyongera, ariko izo mbaraga nazo zigira ingaruka kumpande ziyobora.Ubujyakuzimu bwo gukata iyo burambiranye burashobora guhindura iyi sano: niba ubujyakuzimu bwo gukata burenze cyangwa bungana na radiyo nguni, inguni iyobora igena imbaraga za radiyo.Niba ubujyakuzimu bwo gukata butarenze imfuruka ya radiyo, ubujyakuzimu ubwabwo bwongera imbaraga za radiyo.Iki kibazo gituma byose byingenzi kubakoresha gukoresha radiyo yizuru ntoya kuruta ubujyakuzimu.
Ihembe USA ryashyizeho uburyo bwihuse bwo guhindura ibikoresho bigabanya cyane uburyo bwo guhindura no guhindura ibikoresho kumisarani yuburyo bwubusuwisi, harimo nabafite imbere muri coolant.
Abashakashatsi ba UNCC batangiza modulation muburyo bwibikoresho.Intego yari kumena chip, ariko igipimo cyo gukuraho ibyuma cyo hejuru cyari ingaruka zishimishije.
Guhinduranya gusya kumashanyarazi kuriyi mashini bituma ubwoko bwinshi bwibice bigoye bigomba gutunganyirizwa hamwe, ariko izo mashini zizwiho kugora gahunda.Ariko, software igezweho ya CAM yoroshya cyane umurimo wo gutangiza gahunda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2023